Abstract
Introduction: Multiple risk factors are raised for bladder carcinoma (BCa) as the 10th most common cancer on the globe. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between diabetes and BCa through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Materials and Methods: The sources were searched using the Web of Science, Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine. Data were analyzed with STATA 14 at a significance level of P<0.05 for all statistical tests.
Results: Based on HR (1.15, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.24), SIR (1.19, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.34), and OR (2.17, 95% CI: 1.63, 2.89), the risk of BCa increased due to diabetes development. Based on RR, however, no significant relationship was observed between diabetes development and BCa (1.10, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.34). Moreover, BCa risk rose because of diabetes development in the USA, Korea, Lithuania, British Columbia, and Canada. Bladder carcinoma and diabetes were not linked significantly in case-control studies (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 0.96, 2.97), women (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.24), and those with diabetes duration of < 5 years (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.22). However, diabetes intensified BCa risk in cohort studies (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.23), men (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.24), and those with diabetes duration of ≥ 5 years (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.27).
Conclusion: Bladder carcinoma risk was worsened by diabetes. We found that male gender and diabetes duration of ≥ 5 years were among the risk factors. Thus, it is recommended to prioritize the screening of these two factors.
Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251004296) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1960) websites.